How it's calculated
Profit = Price − Cost
Margin = Profit ÷ Price
Markup = Profit ÷ Cost
Margin compares profit with the selling price; markup compares it with the cost. For the same item, margin is always the smaller percentage.
Assumptions
- Gross margin on a single item, before overheads and tax.
- Price and cost are in the same currency and exclude sales tax.
Worked example
An item that costs 80 and sells for 100 makes 20 profit: a 20% margin and a 25% markup.
Questions
What is the difference between margin and markup?
Margin is profit divided by the selling price. Markup is profit divided by the cost. A 25% markup gives a 20% margin.
Can the margin be negative?
Yes. If the price is below the cost, the result is a loss and the margin is negative.
Should I include tax?
Use prices without sales tax, VAT or GST, because the tax is passed on and is not profit.